Music Theory

Dynamics:

Dynamics means the volume of a sound or note of a music. It is the range of volume of musical sound. It is written or printed musical notation used to indicate dynamics.

Dynamic signs:

Sign	In Italian	Definition
pp	pianissimo	very soft
pp	piano	soft
mp	mezzo piano	moderately soft
mf	mezzo forte	moderately loud
f	forte	loud
ff	fortissimo	very loud
>	decrescendo	gradually softer
<	crescendo	gradually louder

Accents:

An accent is the music of an emphasis placed on a particular note or sound as by an increase in volume or extended duration either as a result of its context or specifically indicated by an accent mark. There are three types of accents that are dynamic accent, tonic accent and agogic accent.

They are define in below:-

Dynamic accent are created louder sound than another. Tonic accent is an emphasis on a note by virtue of being higher in pitch than surrounding notes. Lastly, Agogic accent is an emphasis by virtue of being longer in duration than other notes.

Scales:

It is a group of musical note collected in ascending and descending order, that provides material for or is used to conveniently represent part or all of a musical work including melody and harmony.

B major scale(no key signature)B major (key signature)

major scale

Pitch:

(Notes on the keyboard):

treble

clef

bass clef

tenor clef

sharps and flats

Key signatures

Key signature	Added	Major key	Minor key
1 Sharp	F♯	G major	E minor
2 Sharp	C♯	D major	B minor

1 Flat

-B♭ -F major -D minor

2 Flat

-E♭ -Bb major -G minor